常用开发工具与调试技巧
Koa2 常用开发工具
Koa2 开发中离不开各种工具的支持。nodemon 是必备的热重载工具,安装后通过 nodemon app.js
启动服务,文件修改时会自动重启。调试推荐使用 VSCode 内置调试器,配置 launch.json 如下:
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"type": "node",
"request": "launch",
"name": "Koa Debug",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/app.js",
"skipFiles": ["<node_internals>/**"]
}
]
}
日志管理建议使用 winston 库,多层级日志输出配置示例:
const winston = require('winston');
const logger = winston.createLogger({
levels: winston.config.syslog.levels,
transports: [
new winston.transports.File({
filename: 'error.log',
level: 'error'
}),
new winston.transports.Console({
format: winston.format.combine(
winston.format.colorize(),
winston.format.simple()
)
})
]
});
核心中间件调试
bodyParser 中间件常见问题是请求体解析失败。调试时需确认:
- 中间件注册顺序是否正确
- 请求头 Content-Type 是否为 application/json
- 请求体是否为合法 JSON 格式
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
console.log('Raw request body:', ctx.request.rawBody);
await next();
});
路由调试可使用 koa-router 的 layer 追踪功能:
router.get('/users/:id', (ctx) => {
console.log('Matched path:', ctx._matchedRoute);
console.log('Path params:', ctx.params);
});
异步错误捕获
Koa2 的异步错误需要特殊处理,未捕获的 Promise rejection 会导致进程退出。推荐以下方案:
// 全局错误处理
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
try {
await next();
} catch (err) {
ctx.status = err.status || 500;
ctx.body = {
message: err.message,
stack: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? err.stack : undefined
};
}
});
// 异步操作错误示例
app.use(async ctx => {
const data = await someAsyncOperation().catch(err => {
// 手动附加状态码
err.status = 400;
throw err;
});
});
性能调优技巧
使用 koa-compress 进行响应压缩时,需注意压缩阈值设置:
const compress = require('koa-compress');
app.use(compress({
threshold: 2048, // 超过2KB才压缩
gzip: {
flush: require('zlib').constants.Z_SYNC_FLUSH
},
br: false // 禁用Brotli
}));
数据库查询优化示例:
// 错误示范:N+1查询
app.use(async ctx => {
const users = await User.findAll();
const results = await Promise.all(
users.map(user => Post.findAll({ where: { userId: user.id }}))
);
});
// 优化方案:预加载关联
app.use(async ctx => {
const usersWithPosts = await User.findAll({
include: [{ model: Post }]
});
});
测试相关工具
单元测试推荐使用 Jest + supertest 组合:
const request = require('supertest');
const app = require('../app');
describe('GET /users', () => {
it('should return 200', async () => {
const res = await request(app.callback())
.get('/users')
.expect('Content-Type', /json/)
.expect(200);
expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('data');
});
});
集成测试时可用内存数据库替代真实数据库:
const { MongoMemoryServer } = require('mongodb-memory-server');
beforeAll(async () => {
const mongoServer = await MongoMemoryServer.create();
process.env.MONGO_URI = mongoServer.getUri();
});
afterAll(async () => {
await mongoose.disconnect();
await mongoServer.stop();
});
生产环境问题排查
内存泄漏检测可使用 heapdump 模块:
const heapdump = require('heapdump');
process.on('SIGUSR2', () => {
const filename = `/tmp/heapdump-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}.heapsnapshot`;
heapdump.writeSnapshot(filename);
console.log(`Heap dump written to ${filename}`);
});
慢请求监控中间件示例:
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
const start = Date.now();
await next();
const duration = Date.now() - start;
if (duration > 500) {
console.warn(`Slow request: ${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${duration}ms`);
}
ctx.set('X-Response-Time', `${duration}ms`);
});
自定义调试中间件
开发环境专用调试工具示例:
function devMiddleware() {
return async (ctx, next) => {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
console.log('Request headers:', ctx.headers);
console.log('Current state:', ctx.state);
const start = process.hrtime();
await next();
const diff = process.hrtime(start);
console.log(`Execution time: ${diff[0] * 1e3 + diff[1] / 1e6}ms`);
} else {
await next();
}
};
}
请求/响应日志格式化工具:
app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
console.log(`<-- ${ctx.method} ${ctx.url}`);
await next();
console.log(`--> ${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} ${ctx.status} [${ctx.length || 0}b]`);
});
本站部分内容来自互联网,一切版权均归源网站或源作者所有。
如果侵犯了你的权益请来信告知我们删除。邮箱:cc@cccx.cn
上一篇:初始化 Koa2 项目的步骤
下一篇:项目目录结构的合理规划